{"id":167,"date":"2025-10-28T23:11:40","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T23:11:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mucahitakin.com\/blog\/?p=167"},"modified":"2025-10-28T23:37:47","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T23:37:47","slug":"postgresql-nedir-mysql-ve-mongodb-ile-farklari-kullanimi-ve-gelistiricileri-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mucahitakin.com\/blog\/postgresql-nedir-mysql-ve-mongodb-ile-farklari-kullanimi-ve-gelistiricileri-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL Nedir? MySQL ve MongoDB ile Farklar\u0131, Kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve Geli\u015ftiricileri Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netimi, bir uygulaman\u0131n en kritik bile\u015fenlerinden biridir. Do\u011fru veritaban\u0131 sistemi se\u00e7mek; performans, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck fark yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PostgreSQL Nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

PostgreSQL<\/strong>, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve geni\u015fletilebilir bir nesne-ili\u015fkisel veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemidir (ORDBMS)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk olarak 1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin Ingres projesinden do\u011fan PostgreSQL, y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde modern veritaban\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc alternatiflerinden biri haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PostgreSQL\u2019in \u00d6ne \u00c7\u0131kan \u00d6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • ACID Uyumlulu\u011fu:<\/strong>\u00a0Transaction\u2019lar g\u00fcvenlidir; Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability prensiplerini tam olarak destekler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • JSON & NoSQL Deste\u011fi:<\/strong>\u00a0Geleneksel ili\u015fkisel veri yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra JSONB format\u0131nda NoSQL benzeri esneklik sunar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u0130ndeksleme:<\/strong>\u00a0GIN, GiST, B-tree, Hash gibi farkl\u0131 indeks t\u00fcrlerini destekler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Geni\u015fletilebilir Yap\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0Kendi veri tiplerinizi, fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve eklentilerinizi tan\u0131mlayabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Y\u00fcksek G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong>\u00a0Row-level security, SSL ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u015fifreleme \u00f6zellikleri bulunur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    PostgreSQL vs MySQL vs MongoDB<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u00d6zellik<\/strong><\/th>PostgreSQL<\/strong><\/th>MySQL<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    Veri Modeli<\/strong><\/td>Nesne-ili\u015fkisel<\/td>\u0130li\u015fkisel<\/td><\/tr>
    ACID Deste\u011fi<\/strong><\/td>Tam destek<\/td>\u00c7o\u011fu motor destekliyor (InnoDB)<\/td><\/tr>
    JSON Deste\u011fi<\/strong><\/td>Geli\u015fmi\u015f (JSONB)<\/td>S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131<\/td><\/tr>
    Performans<\/strong><\/td>Karma\u015f\u0131k sorgularda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc<\/td>Basit sorgularda h\u0131zl\u0131<\/td><\/tr>
    Geni\u015fletilebilirlik<\/strong><\/td>Y\u00fcksek (custom function, data type)<\/td>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/td><\/tr>
    Kullan\u0131m Alan\u0131<\/strong><\/td>Analitik, veri bilimi, finansal sistemler<\/td>Web uygulamalar\u0131, CMS\u2019ler<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n

    NOT: MySQL h\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karken, PostgreSQL do\u011fruluk ve karma\u015f\u0131k veri i\u015flemlerinde \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    PostgreSQL vs MongoDB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00d6zellik<\/strong><\/th>PostgreSQL<\/strong><\/th>MongoDB<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    Veri Tipi<\/strong><\/td>\u0130li\u015fkisel + JSON<\/td>Tam NoSQL (belge tabanl\u0131)<\/td><\/tr>
    Sorgulama Dili<\/strong><\/td>SQL<\/td>BSON \/ JSON tabanl\u0131 sorgular<\/td><\/tr>
    Tutarl\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong><\/td>Y\u00fcksek (ACID)<\/td>Esnek (Eventually Consistent)<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0130li\u015fkiler<\/strong><\/td>Native JOIN destekli<\/td>JOIN yok, nested yap\u0131lar kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/td><\/tr>
    Veri Modeli De\u011fi\u015fimi<\/strong><\/td>Sabit \u015fema<\/td>\u015eemas\u0131z (esnek)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    MongoDB h\u0131zl\u0131 prototipleme ve dinamik veri yap\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygundur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ancak PostgreSQL, karma\u015f\u0131k veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gerektiren sistemlerde daha g\u00fcvenilirdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    PostgreSQL Kurulumu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    macOS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    brew install postgresql<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Ubuntu\/Debian<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    sudo apt update<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    sudo apt install postgresql postgresql-contrib<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Windows:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/download\u00a0adresinden y\u00fckleyebilirsin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    PostgreSQL kurulunca\u00a0psql\u00a0ad\u0131nda bir komut sat\u0131r\u0131 arac\u0131yla birlikte gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Temel Komutlar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n

    psql -U postgres<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    CREATE DATABASE deneme;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    CREATE TABLE kullanicilar (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    ad VARCHAR(50),
    email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE,
    olusturma_tarihi TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW()
    );<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Hangi IDE veya Ara\u00e7lar Kullan\u0131labilir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    PostgreSQL i\u00e7in kullanabilece\u011fin en pop\u00fcler IDE\u2019ler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • pgAdmin<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 PostgreSQL\u2019in resmi y\u00f6netim arac\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • DataGrip<\/strong>\u00a0(JetBrains) \u2013 Profesyonel SQL geli\u015ftirme ortam\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • DBeaver<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 T\u00fcm veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak GUI.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • TablePlus<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 H\u0131zl\u0131, modern ve macOS kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in ideal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • VSCode SQLTools Eklentisi<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Hafif ve entegre kullan\u0131m sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Neden Bir Developer PostgreSQL Kullanmal\u0131?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Tam SQL Deste\u011fi:<\/strong>\u00a0Karma\u015f\u0131k sorgular, CTE, Window Functions gibi modern SQL \u00f6zellikleri.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Veri G\u00fcvenli\u011fi:<\/strong>\u00a0Hassas sistemler (bankac\u0131l\u0131k, sa\u011fl\u0131k, kurumsal) i\u00e7in ideal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • NoSQL Esnekli\u011fi:<\/strong>\u00a0JSONB ile yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f verileri de y\u00f6netebilirsin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Topluluk Deste\u011fi:<\/strong>\u00a0Geni\u015f bir a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak toplulu\u011fu, eklenti ve dok\u00fcmantasyon ekosistemi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Performans ve Stabilite:<\/strong>\u00a0B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli uygulamalarda uzun vadeli s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        PostgreSQL Kullan\u0131rken Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Index Y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong>\u00a0Fazla indeks performans\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • VACUUM ve ANALYZE:<\/strong>\u00a0D\u00fczenli bak\u0131m yap\u0131lmazsa tablo \u015fi\u015febilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Ba\u011flant\u0131 Havuzu:<\/strong>\u00a0pgbouncer\u00a0veya\u00a0pgpool\u00a0kullanarak ba\u011flant\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc azalt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Transaction Y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong>\u00a0Transaction\u2019lar do\u011fru kapat\u0131lmal\u0131, aksi halde deadlock olu\u015fabilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Yedekleme Stratejisi:<\/strong>\u00a0pg_dump\u00a0veya\u00a0WAL\u00a0ile d\u00fczenli yedek al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          PostgreSQL, hem ili\u015fkisel hem de NoSQL d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en iyi \u00f6zelliklerini bir arada sunan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir veritaban\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          MySQL<\/strong> kadar yayg\u0131n, MongoDB<\/strong> kadar esnek, ancak her ikisinden de daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Bir geli\u015ftirici olarak PostgreSQL\u2019i \u00f6\u011frenmek, seni ileri seviye veri y\u00f6netimi, performans optimizasyonu ve g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131nda bir ad\u0131m \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u015eimdi \u00f6rnek olarak bir postgreSQL ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r g\u00f6relim : <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Nodejs<\/strong> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n

          import express from “express”;
          import pkg from “pg”;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          const { Pool } = pkg;
          const app = express();
          app.use(express.json());<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \/\/ PostgreSQL ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131
          const pool = new Pool({
          user: “postgres”,
          host: “localhost”,
          database: “deneme”,
          password: “12345”,
          port: 5432,
          });<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \/\/ \u00d6rnek tablo sorgusu
          app.get(“\/users”, async (req, res) => {
          try {
          const result = await pool.query(“SELECT * FROM kullanicilar”);
          res.json(result.rows);
          } catch (err) {
          console.error(err);
          res.status(500).send(“Sunucu hatas\u0131”);
          }
          });<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \/\/ Yeni kullan\u0131c\u0131 ekleme
          app.post(“\/users”, async (req, res) => {
          const { ad, email } = req.body;
          try {
          await pool.query(“INSERT INTO kullanicilar (ad, email) VALUES ($1, $2)”, [ad, email]);
          res.send(“Kullan\u0131c\u0131 eklendi!”);
          } catch (err) {
          console.error(err);
          res.status(500).send(“Veri eklenemedi”);
          }
          });<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          app.listen(3000, () => console.log(“Server 3000 portunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor”));<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

          Python:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n

          from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
          import psycopg2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          app = Flask(name<\/strong>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          conn = psycopg2.connect(
          host=”localhost”,
          database=”deneme”,
          user=”postgres”,
          password=”12345″
          )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          @app.route(“\/users”, methods=[“GET”])
          def get_users():
          cur = conn.cursor()
          cur.execute(“SELECT * FROM kullanicilar”)
          users = cur.fetchall()
          cur.close()
          return jsonify(users)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          @app.route(“\/users”, methods=[“POST”])
          def add_user():
          data = request.get_json()
          cur = conn.cursor()
          cur.execute(“INSERT INTO kullanicilar (ad, email) VALUES (%s, %s)”, (data[“ad”], data[“email”]))
          conn.commit()
          cur.close()
          return jsonify({“message”: “Kullan\u0131c\u0131 eklendi!”})<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          if name<\/strong> == “main<\/strong>“:
          app.run(debug=True, port=5000)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

          Goland<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n

          package main<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          import (
          “database\/sql”
          “encoding\/json”
          “fmt”
          “log”
          “net\/http”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          _ \"github.com\/lib\/pq\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          )<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          type User struct {
          ID int json:\"id\"<\/code>
          Ad string json:\"ad\"<\/code>
          Email string json:\"email\"<\/code>
          }<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          var db *sql.DB<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          func main() {
          var err error
          connStr := “user=postgres password=12345 dbname=deneme sslmode=disable”
          db, err = sql.Open(“postgres”, connStr)
          if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
          }<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          http.HandleFunc(\"\/users\", getUsers)\nhttp.HandleFunc(\"\/add\", addUser)\n\nfmt.Println(\"Server 8080 portunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor...\")\nhttp.ListenAndServe(\":8080\", nil)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          }<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          func getUsers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
          rows, err := db.Query(“SELECT id, ad, email FROM kullanicilar”)
          if err != nil {
          http.Error(w, err.Error(), 500)
          return
          }
          defer rows.Close()<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          var users []User\nfor rows.Next() {\n    var u User\n    rows.Scan(&u.ID, &u.Ad, &u.Email)\n    users = append(users, u)\n}\n\njson.NewEncoder(w).Encode(users)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          }<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          func addUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
          if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
          http.Error(w, “POST kullan\u0131lmal\u0131”, 405)
          return
          }
          var u User
          json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&u)
          _, err := db.Exec(“INSERT INTO kullanicilar (ad, email) VALUES ($1, $2)”, u.Ad, u.Email)
          if err != nil {
          http.Error(w, err.Error(), 500)
          return
          }
          w.Write([]byte(“Kullan\u0131c\u0131 eklendi!”))
          }<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
          PostgreSQL, hem ili\u015fkisel (SQL)<\/strong> hem de belge tabanl\u0131 (NoSQL)<\/strong> verileri y\u00f6netebilme yetene\u011fi sayesinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek veritaban\u0131 sistemlerinden biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          MySQL\u2019in h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131, MongoDB\u2019nin esnekli\u011fini ve Oracle\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini bir araya getirerek geli\u015ftiricilere tam bir kurumsal seviye \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/strong> sunar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          E\u011fer projen y\u00fcksek veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, karma\u015f\u0131k sorgular veya analitik i\u015flemler gerektiriyorsa PostgreSQL do\u011fru tercihtir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          Ayr\u0131ca a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak<\/strong> yap\u0131s\u0131, eklenti deste\u011fi ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc toplulu\u011fu sayesinde uzun vadede hem teknik hem de ekonomik avantaj sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          Bir geli\u015ftirici olarak PostgreSQL\u2019e<\/strong> ge\u00e7mek;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
           Daha\u00a0stabil<\/strong>\u00a0sistemler,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
           Daha\u00a0g\u00fcvenli<\/strong>\u00a0veri y\u00f6netimi,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
           Ve\u00a0\u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir<\/strong>\u00a0mimariler kurmak anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          Veri d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda fark yaratmak istiyorsan, PostgreSQL<\/strong> \u00f6\u011frenmeye ba\u015flamak gelecekteki t\u00fcm projelerinde sana b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kazand\u0131racakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
          Veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netimi, bir uygulaman\u0131n en kritik bile\u015fenlerinden biridir. Do\u011fru veritaban\u0131 sistemi se\u00e7mek; performans, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck fark yarat\u0131r. PostgreSQL Nedir? PostgreSQL, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve geni\u015fletilebilir bir nesne-ili\u015fkisel veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemidir (ORDBMS). \u0130lk olarak 1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin Ingres projesinden do\u011fan PostgreSQL, y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde modern veritaban\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc alternatiflerinden biri haline gelmi\u015ftir. PostgreSQL\u2019in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":168,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[135],"tags":[132,129,134,131,43,133,130],"class_list":["post-167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-database","tag-acik-kaynak","tag-database","tag-datagrip","tag-mongodb","tag-mysql","tag-pgadmin","tag-postgresql"],"yoast_head":"\nPostgreSQL Nedir? 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